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Swine Flu H1N1!

Swine Flu H1N1 Pandemic Flu Planning

Checklist for Individuals & Families

You can prepare for an influenza pandemic now. You should know both the magnitude of what can happen during a pandemic outbreak and what actions you can take to help lessen the impact of an influenza pandemic on you and your family. This checklist will help you gather the information and resources you may need in case of a flu pandemic.

1. To plan for a pandemic:

Store a two week supply of water and food. During a pandemic, if you cannot get to a store, or if stores are out of supplies, it will be important for you to have extra supplies on hand. This can be useful in other types of emergencies, such as power outages and disasters.

Periodically check your regular prescription drugs to ensure a continuous supply in your home. Have nonprescription drugs and other health supplies on hand, including pain re-lievers, stomach remedies, cough and cold medicines, fluids with electrolytes, and vitamins.

Talk with family members and loved ones about how they would be cared for if they got sick, or what will be needed to care for them in your home.

Volunteer with local groups to prepare and assist with emergency response.

Get involved in your community as it works to prepare for an influenza pandemic.

2. To limit the spread of germs and prevent infection:

Teach your children to wash hands frequently with soap and water, and model the current behavior.

Teach your children to cover coughs and sneezes with tissues, and be sure to model that behavior.

Teach your children to stay away from others as much as possible if they are sick. Stay home from work and school if sick.

3. Items to have on hand for an extended stay at home:

Examples of food and non-perishables

Ready-to-eat canned meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, and soups

Protein or fruit bars

Dry cereal or granola

Peanut butter or nuts

Dried Fruit

Crackers

Canned juices

Bottled water

Canned or jarred baby food and formula

Pet food

Other nonperishable foods

Examples of medical, health, and emergency supplies

Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood-pressure monitoring ,equipment

Soap and water, or alcohol-based (60-95%) hand wash

Medicines for fever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen

Thermometer

Anti-diarrheal medication

Vitamins

Fluids with electrolytes

Cleansing agent/soap

Flashlight

Batteries

Portable radio

Manual can opener

Garbage bags

Tissues, toilet paper, disposable diapers

Swine Flu H1N1 Guide for Individuals and Families

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, also known as A(H1N1), is a subtype of influenzavirus A and the most common cause of influenza in humans. Some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans, including the strain(s) responsible for the 1918 flu pandemic which killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Less virulent H1N1 strains still exist in the wild today, causing roughly half of all flu infections in 2006. Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs and in birds.

In March and April 2009, an outbreak of H1N1 influenza in Mexico led to hundreds of confirmed cases and a number of deaths. As of April 28, the new strain was suspected to have infected more than 2,500 individuals worldwide, with 152 attributed deaths. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned that it was possible the outbreak could develop into a pandemic. On April 27, 2009, the World Health Organization raised their alertness level from 3 to 4 (on a scale of 6) worldwide in response to sustained human-to-human transfer of the virus. The situation was raised to level 5 (pandemic imminent) on April 29, 2009 by the World Health Organization.

Influenza A virus strains are categorized according to two viral proteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). All influenza A viruses contain hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, but the structure of these proteins differs from strain to strain due to rapid genetic mutation in the viral genome. Influenza A virus strains are assigned an H number and an N number based on which forms of these two proteins the strain contains.

Spanish flu

The Spanish flu, also known as La Gripe Española, or La Pesadilla, was an unusually severe and deadly strain of avian influenza, a viral infectious disease, that killed some 50 million to 100 million people worldwide over about a year in 1918 and 1919. It is thought to be one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. It was caused by the H1N1 type of influenza virus.

The Spanish flu caused an unusual number of deaths because it caused a cytokine storm in the body. (The recent epidemic of bird flu, also an Influenza A virus, had a similar effect.) The Spanish flu virus infected lung cells, leading to overstimulation of the immune system via release of cytokine bursts into the lung tissue. This leads to extensive leukocyte migration towards the lungs, causing destruction of lung tissue and secretion of liquid into the organ, making it difficult for the patient to breathe. People with strong immune systems (such as young adults) were more susceptible to the disease than young children and the elderly.

The term "Spanish" flu was coined because Spain was at the time the only European country where the press were printing reports of the outbreak, which had killed thousands in the armies fighting the First World War. Other countries suppressed the news in order to protect morale. Russian flu

The more recent Russian flu was a 1977–1978 flu epidemic caused by strain Influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1). It infected mostly children and young adults under 23 because a similar strain was prevalent in 1947–57, causing most adults to have substantial immunity. Some have called it a flu pandemic but because it only affected the young it is not considered a true pandemic. The virus was included in the 1978–1979 influenza vaccine.

Mexican influenza

The Mexican influenza virus isolated from patients in the United States was found to be made up of genetic elements from four different flu viruses – North American Mexican influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences." This new strain appears to be a result of reassortment of human influenza and swine influenza viruses, in all four different strains of subtype H1N1. However, as the virus has not yet been isolated in animals to date and also for historical naming reasons, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) suggests it be called "North-American influenza".

Several complete genome sequences for U.S. flu cases were rapidly made available through the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID). Preliminary genetic characterization found that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was similar to that of swine flu viruses present in U.S. pigs since 1999, but the neuraminidase (NA) and matrix protein (M) genes resembled versions present in European swine flu isolates. The six genes from American swine flu are themselves mixtures of swine flu, bird flu, and human flu viruses. While viruses with this genetic makeup had not previously been found to be circulating in humans or pigs, there is no formal national surveillance system to determine what viruses are circulating in pigs in the U.S.