Weight Loss Surgery!

In 2002, Donna was a 54-year-old diabetic with high triglycerides, high cholesterol, out-of-control blood pressure and chronic back and knee pain. She was convinced she wouldn't reach the age of 60. "My sister said I was a heart attack waiting to happen. I knew I wouldn't survive another decade, or if I did I would be dependent on other people or living in a wheelchair."

That was another life altogether. Today, Donna's blood pressure, blood sugar, triglycerides and cholesterol are normal, and she can hike the Las Cruces Mountains in New Mexico with her sister without getting out of breath.

Donna is an astonishing success story. "Within three months of my gastric bypass, I was off my diabetes medications, and that included four oral medicines and insulin," she says. "I cut my blood pressure medication in half. I lost 55 pounds in the first six weeks, and I'd dropped 85 pounds by Thanksgiving."

At 5'8" Donna weighed 350 pounds before she had her roux-en-y gastric bypass on August 7, 2002. "You name it, I'd tried it - from liquid protein to Weight Watchers to prescribed amphetamines. Nothing worked for any period of time."

Prior to surgery, in addition to her health problems, she had to deal with profuse sweating that made daily life almost unbearable. "My health problems were bad enough," she says, "but the sweating was beyond anything anyone could imagine. I would get up in the morning and be sweating so much that by the time I was ready to leave for work, my makeup had run off."

Once she'd made the decision to move ahead with surgery, everything else fell into place, she says. "I had my doctors' approvals and evaluations completed between the second week of April and my surgery in August. I knew I was doing the right thing."

She lost weight rapidly following her surgery. "I dropped 35 pounds in the first 10 days, and the sweating stopped."

Today, Donna is 135 pounds lighter and continues to maintain that weight loss. "I'm healthier now, and I'm actually starting to lose again. It's not as easy as it was in the beginning. During the first six months after surgery, all you have to do is breathe to lose weight. But after about two years, your body adapts to the pouch and you don't lose as rapidly. Now I'm like everyone else I have to work at it."

For Donna, the weight-loss struggle continues. "I would like to lose another 40 pounds," she says. "You can have the physical surgery but they don't operate on your head. You still have to wrestle with your food demons. The time of easy weight loss is over. I was wearing a size 28 before my surgery and now I'm wearing 14s and 16s. That's not too bad for someone who's 5'8". My goal is to weigh 175 and wear a 12. I'm getting there."

Weight Loss Surgery

Weight Loss Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity. The term bariatrics was created around 1965, from the Greek root baro ("weight," as in barometer) and suffix -iatrics ("a branch of medicine," as in pediatrics). Besides the pharmacotherapy of obesity, it is concerned with obesity surgery.

Overweight and obesity are rising medical problems of pandemic proportions. There are many detrimental health effects of obesity: heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic musculoskeletal problems, etc. There is also a clear effect of obesity on mortality, though this is not so clear for those who are overweight.

Weight Loss Surgery Diagnosis

Although not a direct measure of body fat, the Body Mass Index is widely adopted and promoted as a marker for excess body weight. However, it is not flawless: a very muscular person may be assessed as obese, and an elderly person with low body weight but high body fat (this can happen due to low muscle mass and bone density) may be assessed as healthy. Other markers for the evaluation of obesity include waist circumference (associated with central obesity), and a patient's risk factors for diseases and conditions associated with obesity. Besides these indirect methods, body fat can also be measured directly.

Weight Loss Surgery General aspects of treatment

Although diet, exercise, behavior therapy and anti-obesity drugs are first-line treatment, medical therapy for severe obesity has limited short-term success and almost nonexistent long-term success. Therefore, obesity surgery (or bariatric surgery) has been a popular treatment in the war against obesity. Weight loss surgery generally results in greater weight loss than conventional treatment, and leads to improvements in quality of life and obesity related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

Before someone can become eligible for bariatric surgery, certain criteria must be met. The basic criteria are an understanding of the operation and the lifestyle changes the patient will need to make, and either:

A body mass index (BMI) of 40 or more, which is about 45 kg (100 pounds) overweight for men and 35 kg (80 pounds) for women; or a BMI between 35 and 39.9 and a serious obesity-related health problem such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, or severe sleep apnea (when breathing stops for short periods during sleep)

Past studies found that 10 percent to 20 percent of bariatric surgery patients had complications while they were in the hospital. In 2006, federal researchers found that 39.6 percent of patients had complications within 180 days of surgery. The most common complications are

a composite of gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, and reflux (20%) anastomotic leaking (at the surgical connections between the stomach and the intestine) (12%)

Abdominal hernia (7%)

Infections (6%).

About 7% of patients were readmitted to the hospital within 6 months to treat complications specific to the bariatric procedure.

There were 212 in-hospital deaths out of an estimated 104,702 adults who underwent obesity surgery in 2003, or a rate of 0.2 per cent.

The prevalence of extreme obesity (body mass index or = 40 kg/m²) in the United States in 2003-2004 was 2.8% in men and 6.9% in women. This suggests millions of people are in the weight range for potential therapy with bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic surgery has become an important addition to this field of surgery, and demand soars, amidst scientific and ethical questions. The number of Americans having weight-loss surgery more than quadrupled between 1998 and 2002-from 13,386 to 71,733-according to a study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Weight Loss Surgery Surgical procedures

There are a number of surgical options available to treat obesity, each with their advantages and pitfalls. In general, weight reduction can be accomplished, but one must consider operative risk (including mortality) and side effects. Usually, these procedures can be carried out safely. Procedures can be grouped in three main categories:

Predominantly malabsorptive procedures: although also reducing stomach size, these operations are based mainly on malabsorption.

Biliopancreatic Diversion (Scopinaro procedure - rare)

Jejuno-ileal bypass (no longer performed)

Predominantly restrictive procedures: this kind of surgery primarily reduces stomach size

Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (Mason procedure, stomach stapling)

Adjustable gastric band (or "Lap Band")

Sleeve gastrectomy

Mixed procedures: applying both techniques simultaneously

Gastric bypass surgery, like Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Sleeve gastrectomy with Duodenal Switch

Implantable Gastric Stimulation

Weight Loss Surgery and Anti-obesity drugs

If diet and exercise are ineffective alone, anti-obesity drugs are a choice for some patients. Prescription weight loss drugs are recommended only for short-term use, and thus are of limited usefulness for extremely obese patients, who may need to reduce weight over months or years.